In 1940, about 50 percent married other American ethnics and a study in 1988 found that 54% of Polish Americans were of mixed ancestry from three generations or longer. Census figures further is the high proportion of Polish Americans who married people of other national descent. Immigration and Naturalization Service as many former territories of Poland were under German, Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control between the late 19th and early 20th century. Many immigrants were classified as 'Russian', 'German' or 'Austrian' by the U.S. They included former Polish citizens of Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish or other minority descent. Overall, around 2.2 million Poles and Polish subjects immigrated into the United States between 18, chiefly after national insurgencies and famine. Two Polish volunteers, Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as American heroes. The first eight Polish immigrants to British America came to the Jamestown colony in 1608, twelve years before the Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts. Polish Americans are the second-largest Central European ethnic group after German Americans, and the eighth largest ethnic group overall in the United States. population, according to the 2021 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. There are an estimated 8.81 million self-identified Polish Americans, representing about 2.67% of the U.S. Polish Americans ( Polish: Polonia amerykańska) are Americans who either have total or partial Polish ancestry, or are citizens of the Republic of Poland. Pennsylvania ( Luzerne County and Lackawanna County)).Census ACS 2021 estimates, self-reported Census Bureau's American Community Survey in 2019 Many were from Eastern Europe, including Danube Swabians and East Prussians, who fled or were displaced from their homelands in the years immediately following the war.Americans with Polish Ancestry by state according to the U.S. In the 1950s, partially as a consequence of the Displaced Persons Act (1948) and the Refugee Relief Act (1953), German-speaking immigrants came to Wisconsin once again. Only a small fraction of the exiles and refugees from Nazi Germany settled in the Badger State. German immigration slowed significantly in the first half of the 20 th century as the result of American immigration policies and the two world wars. Here they worked as laborers in the burgeoning factories, many of which had been founded by Germans who had come to the state a generation or two earlier. Many of them settled in urban areas, especially the Lake Michigan industrial belt. They were mainly agricultural laborers and small craftsmen displaced by advancing technology and industrialization. Immigrants came from the northern and eastern regions of the German Empire, especially Brandenburg and Pomerania, and also from Silesia and Russia.

The years 1880 to 1890 marked the final and largest wave of 19 th-century German immigration to the Badger State. Skilled tradesmen also sought their fortune in Wisconsin, especially in the city of Milwaukee. Many of these immigrants were peasant farmers adversely affected by an agricultural depression resulting from a flood of cheap American wheat into European markets.

Carl Schurz, who made his home with his wife Margarethe Meyer Schurz in Watertown in the 1850s and 1860s, was the best known of Wisconsin’s “Forty-Eighters.”ĭuring the second wave, from 1865 to 1875, Germans came to Wisconsin from northern areas such as Schleswig, Holstein, Hanover, and Westphalia. This first wave also included liberal intellectuals and professionals fleeing the failed revolutions of 1848/1849. They settled in the southeastern part of the state and along the coast of Lake Michigan. Agricultural distress and overpopulation were major factors impelling these people to come to Wisconsin, where farmland was relatively abundant and affordable. The first, from 1850 to 1860, was made up of settlers from mainly southern and western states, including Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, the Rhineland and Palatinate regions, and Switzerland. German immigration to the Badger State occurred in three waves. In the New World they often settled near people they knew: family and neighbors from their home region. During the 19 th century, immigrants came to Wisconsin from many different parts of German-speaking Central Europe.

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